4th millennium BC
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(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia)
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Events
- City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC).
- Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000–3000 BC.
- Civilization of Crete (38th century BC).
- Epoch of the modern Hebrew Calendar occurred on 7 October 3761 BC.
- Jewish chronology dates Creation to 25 September or March 29 3760 BC.
- Civilization of Sumeria, cities-state (36th century BC).
- First to Fourth dynasty of Kish in Mesopotamia.
- Newgrange constructed in Ireland c. 3200 BC.
- The Maya calendar dates the Creation of the Earth to August 11 or August 13, 3114 BC (establishing that date as day zero of the Long Count 13.0.0.0.0).
- Epoch of the Kali Yuga occurred at midnight (00:00) on 18 February 3102 BC, the traditional death of Krishna (Hindu mythology).
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Cultures
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Environmental changes
Based on studies by glaciologist Lonnie Thompson (professor at Ohio State University and researcher with the Byrd Polar Research Center) [1] (http://www.news-about-space.org/story/2409.html) a number of indicators shows there were a global change in climate 5,200 years ago:
- The climate was altered suddenly with severe impacts.
- Plants buried in the Quelccaya ice cap in the Peruvian Andes demonstrate the climate had shifted suddenly and severely to capture the plants and preserve them until now.
- A man trapped in an Alpine glacier ("Oetzi") is frozen until his discovery in 1991.
- Tree rings from Ireland and England show this was their driest period.
- Ice core records showing the ratio of two oxygen isotopes retrieved from the ice fields atop Africa’s Mount Kilimanjaro, a proxy for atmospheric temperature at the time snow fell.
- Major changes in plant pollen uncovered from lakebed cores in South America.
- Record lowest levels of methane retrieved from ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica.
- Beginning of desertification of Sahara (35th century BC). The shift by the Sahara Desert from a habitable region to a barren desert.
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Significant persons
- Ur-Nina first king of Lagash (ca. 34th century), the earliest historical person known by name.
- Ötzi the Iceman lived c.3300 BC.
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Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- The belief that heads of state represented God on Earth began. See Divine Right of Kings.
- Beginnings of urbanisation in Mesopotamia with the Sumerians.
- First cities in Egypt (35th century BC).
- First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings). Hieroglyphs in Egypt.
- Kurgan culture of what is now southern Russia and Ukraine domesticates the horse and develops the chariot.
- Potter's wheel used in Middle East.
- Sails used in the Nile.
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Cultural landmarks
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Centuries
- 40th century BC
- 39th century BC
- 38th century BC
- 37th century BC
- 36th century BC
- 35th century BC
- 34th century BC
- 33rd century BC
- 32nd century BC
- 31st century BC
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External references
- 3200 BC Climate Change (http://www.news-about-space.org/story/2409.html)da:4. årtusinde f.Kr.
de:4. Jahrtausend v. Chr. es:IV milenio adC fr:IVe millénaire av. J.-C. it:IV millennio AC lb:4. Joerdausend v. Chr. hu:I.e. 4. évezred nl:4000-3500 v. Chr. ja:紀元前4千年紀 pl:IV tysiąclecie p.n.e. pt:Quarto milénio a.C. ru:4 тысячелетие до н. э. ur:3000مقم
