Angel investors
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Angel Investors (or simply Angels) are affluent individuals who provide capital for business start-ups, usually in exchange for an equity stake. Unlike venture capitalists, angels typically do not pool money in a professionally-managed fund. However, angel investors often organize themselves in angel networks or angel groups to share research and pool investment capital.
Angel capital fills the gap in start-up financing between the "three F" (friends, family and fools) and venture capital. Most venture capital funds will not consider investments under $1 million, while it is difficult to raise more than $100,000 - $200,000 from friends and family. Thus, angel investment is a common second round of financing for high-growth start-ups.
Angel investments bear extremely high risk, and thus require a very high return on investment. Typical angel investments require a return of at least 15-20 times the original investment within 5 years, as well as an exit strategy - plans for an IPO or an acquisition. Angel financing is thus one of the most expensive sources of funds. However, cheaper sources of capital, such as bank financing, are not available for most early-stage ventures.
Angel investors are often retired business owners or executives, who are looking for a "hobby", not just monetary return. Thus, aside from funds, angel investors can sometimes provide valuable management advice and important contacts.