Coding strand
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When referring to DNA transcription (protein_biosynthesis), the coding strand is the DNA strand which has the same base sequence as the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil).
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Alternative Terms for Strands
Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the sense (or coding) strand, and the other is the antisense (or anticoding, or template) strand.
Strands in Transcription Bubble
During transcription, RNA_polymerase unwinds a short section of the DNA double helix near the start of the gene. This unwound section is known as the transcription bubble. The RNA polymerase, and therefore the transcription bubble, travels along the coding strand in the 5' to 3' direction, and along the template strand in the opposite, 3' to 5', direction. The DNA double helix is rewound by RNA polymerase at the rear of the transcription bubble (Lewin, pp 235).
RNA DNA Hybrid
Where the helix is unwound, the coding strand consists of unpaired bases, whilst the template strand consists of an RNA:DNA hybrid, followed by a number of unpaired bases at the rear. This hybrid consists of the most-recently-added nucleotides of the RNA transcript, complementary base-paired to the template strand. The number of base-pairs in the hybrid is under investigation, but it has been suggested that the hybrid is formed from the last 10 nucleotides added (Griffiths, pp 259-265).
Bibliography
- Griffiths A.J.F. et al. (2005) Introduction to Genetic Analysis (8th edition). W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA. ISBN 0-7167-4939-4
- Lewin B. (2000) Genes VII. Oxford University Press Inc., New York, USA. ISBN 0-19-879277-8 (Pbk), ISBN 0-19-879276-X (Hbk)