Digital Signal 0
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In T-carrier systems Digital signal 0 (DS0) is a basic digital signaling rate of 64 kbit/s, corresponding to the capacity of one voice-frequency-equivalent channel.
The DS0 rate forms the basis for the North American digital multiplex transmission hierarchy.
The DS0 rate may support twenty 2.4 kbit/s channels, or ten 4.8 kbit/s channels, or five 9.67 kbit/s channels, or one 56 kbit/s channel, or one 64 kbit/s clear channel.
To carry a typical phone call, the audio sound is digitized at an 8 kHz sample rate using 8 bit pulse-code modulation. Multiple DS0's are multiplexed together on higher capacity circuits. 24 DS0's make a DS1 signal, which when carried on copper is the well-known, T-carrier system, T1 (the European equivalent is an E1, containing 32 64 kbit/s channels).
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C