Easter egg (virtual)

From the custom of the Easter egg hunt observed in western nations and many parts of Europe, Easter eggs are hidden messages or features which may appear in movies and books, on CDs and DVDs, or in computer programs. The name is believed to come from the movie Return of the Living Dead, where a military officer uses it as a code word for lost U.S. govt. containers of zombies created by a chemical spill.

Contents

1 Computer-related Easter eggs 2 Chip-based Easter eggs 3 Video game Easter eggs 4 Compact disc and DVD Easter eggs 5 Easter eggs in movies and fiction 6 See also 7 External links

Computer-related Easter eggs

In computing, Easter eggs are messages, graphics, sound effects, or an unusual change in program behaviour, that occur in a program in response to some undocumented set of commands, mouse clicks, keystrokes or other similar stimuli intended as a joke or to display program credits. A former use of the term Easter egg was to describe a message hidden in the object code of a program as a joke, intended to be found by persons disassembling or browsing the code.

One well-known early Easter egg found in a couple of Unix operating systems caused them to respond to the command "make love" with "not war?". Many personal computers have much more elaborate eggs hidden in ROM, including lists of the developers' names, political exhortations, snatches of music, and (in one case) images of the entire development team. Microsoft Excel has a well-known car racing game embedded inside. The Palm operating system has elaborately hidden animations and other surprises.

Whilst computer-related Easter eggs are often found in software, occasionally they can exist in hardware or firmware of certain devices. On some PCs, the BIOS ROM contains Easter eggs. Perhaps the most famous example of a hardware Easter egg is in the HP ScanJet 5P, where the device will play the Ode to Joy by varying the stepper motor speed if you power the device up with the scan button depressed.

Chip-based Easter eggs

Many integrated circuit designers have included, as part of the construction of the chip by lithography and etching, assorted images, phrases, developer initials, logos, etc. These are visible only when the chip package is opened and examined under magnification, so they are, in a sense, more of an "inside joke" than most of the Easter eggs included in software.

Not unlike cartographers who may insert trap streets or nonexistent landscape features as a copyright infringement detection aid, IC designers may also build non-functional circuits on their chips to help them catch infringers. Easter eggs, however benign, if directly copied by the defendant, may also be used in a mask work infringement litigation.

This is very similar to the inclusion of one or more trap streets on a map or invented phone numbers in a telephone directory (neither of which is effective for copyright purposes in the United States; see Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co., 796 F.Supp. 729, E.D.N.Y., 1992). However, these traps may still be useful in other countries. Even if the trap cannot be used in a court, it still helps a business owner to detect other people's misconduct.

Video game Easter eggs

Easter eggs in computer games and other video games are distinguished from cheat codes which allow you to cheat - see Minesweeper for an example. The first known video game to feature an Easter egg was the classic Atari game Adventure, in which a designer's name would be displayed if the player used a certain item in a certain location in the game. For a more recent example, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City featured a literal Easter egg hidden inside the upper floors of a normally inaccessible skyscraper. The tradition of including Easter eggs in video games has created small sections of gaming fandom that are as devoted to finding Easter eggs as they are to playing games as they are intended.

Based on information from the Jargon File.

Compact disc and DVD Easter eggs

Some compact discs include hidden features which may be called Easter eggs, such as screensavers for a computer which can only be accessed if the CD is played in a CD-ROM drive, or hidden tracks. An example of the former is the album The World According To Gessle by Roxette's Per Gessle: at the end of the disc an unlisted acoustic version of Kix appears, sung Elvis style. An example of the latter (which is somewhat more rare) is the album Factory Showroom by They Might Be Giants where a short song called "Token Back to Brooklyn" can be heard when the CD is "rewound" to approximately negative one minute and twenty seconds on track one; this is accomplished by placing the audio data in the "pregap" between Index 0 and 1 of the disc.

Even more prevalent are Easter eggs in DVD releases of movies; these are often in the form of hidden trailers, documentaries, or deleted scenes, and are accessed by manipulation of the disc's interactive menus. An example is the DVD for The Abyss, which has at least nine Easter eggs, including at least three different trailers for Aliens and two for True Lies, two other James Cameron films. More elaborate eggs include that for Memento, which plays the scenes of the movie sorted into chronological order. In order to distinguish between different editions of the same film, some distributors have taken to listing Easter eggs in lists of "extra features" on the packaging and promotional material; some do not consider Easter eggs advertised in this way to be true Easter eggs. In the DVD version of Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, if someone presses "Enter" on the DVD remote whenever Ben Stiller's character snaps his fingers during the movie, they get a deleted scene, of sorts.

Easter eggs in movies and fiction

Various forms of fiction, particularly movies, have a long-standing tradition for hiding references to people or previous works, which could also be considered a form of Easter egg, although they probably predate this use of the term. Often, such references are homages to other writers or directors, but sometimes they are more like in-jokes referring to the previous work or private life of a member of the cast or crew in some way. Such references usually take the form of incidental details such as the name of a minor character or location, or text written on a prop that is not significant to the plot. For instance, in the original Star Wars film, the characters visit "cell block one-one-thirty-eight" on the Death Star - a reference to THX-1138, which was director George Lucas' first movie. Another example is Spike's reference to Buffy's "stupid hair" -- Sarah Michelle Gellar starred in shampoo commercials.

See also

• Undocumented feature

External links

• Easter Egg Archive (http://www.eeggs.com) – Up-to-date lists and discussions of Easter eggs, both digital and found in art, books, etc.
• Egg Heaven 2000 (http://www.eggheaven2000.com/) – Computer Easter Eggs Database
• Chip Fun: Microchip-based Easter eggs (http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/chipfun/graff.htm) – From the National Museum of American History; photos by Integrated Circuit Engineering Corp.
• DVD Easter Eggs (http://www.dvdeastereggs.com/) – Lists many Easter eggs in DVDs
• List of hidden features on DVDs (http://www.dvdreview.com/html/hidden_features.shtml) – At the "DVD Review" website

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