HILN
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HILN or Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise is a parametric audio codec for audio. The basic premise of the encoder is that most audio, and particularly speech, can be synthesized from only sinusoids and noise. The encoder describes individual sinusses with amplitude and frequency, harmonic tones by fundamental fequency, amplitude and the spectral envelope of the partials, and the noise by amplitude and spectral envelope. This type of encoder is capable of encoding audio to between 6 and 16 kilobits per second for a typical audio bandwidth of 8 kHz. The framelength of this encoder is 32 msec.
A typical codec extracts sinusoid information from the samples by applying a Short-time Fourier transform to the samples and using that to find the important harmonic content of a single frame. By matching sinusses across frames, the encoder is capable of grouping them into harmonic lines and individual sinusses. The matching can take amplitude, frequency and phase into account when trying to match sinusoids across frames. Differences between amplitude and frequency within a track can be coded with less bits than each individual single sinus would require, thus the longer a track the encoder can find, the better it will be able to reduce the final bitrate.
The decoder uses an add-and-overlap strategy: each frame in the bitstream contains parameters for 32 msec, however, the next frame starts halfway the current frame. By filtering the synthesized segments with a Hanning filter adding two overlapping frames together will produce a smooth transition between the two. This also applies to the encoder because the short Fourier transform gives better results when the data is preprocessed with a hanning filter.
Synthesizing only the sinusoids sounds artificial and metallic. To mask this, the encoder subtracts the synthesized sinusses from the original audio signal. The residual is then matched to a linear filter that is excited with white noise. The extracted parameters can than be quantized, coded and multiplexed into a bitstream.
Further reading
- HILN Parametric Audio coding at the TNT (http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/project/coding/audio/asac/)
- Homepage of Heiko Purnhagen, HILN researcher at THT (http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/~purnhage/)