Heat of vaporization

The heat of vaporization is a physical property of substances. It is defined as the heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling point under standard pressure (101.325 kPa). The heat of vaporization is expressed in kJ/mol. The use of kJ/kg is also possible, but less customary. Other units still in use include Btu/lb.

Because vaporization is the opposite process of condensation, the term heat of condensation is also used. The latter is defined as the heat released when one mole of the substance condenses at its boiling point under standard pressure.

The heat of vaporization of water is about 2260 kJ/kg which is equal to 40.8 kJ/mol. This is quite a lot: five times the energy needed for heating the water from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius.

Heats of vaporization of the elements

ElementHeat of vaporization (kJ/mol)
Actiniumn/a
Aluminium293.4
Antimony77.14
Argon6.447
Arsenic34.76
Astatine114
Barium142
Beryllium292.40
Bismuth104.8
Boron489.7
Bromine15.438
Cadmium100
Caesium67.74
Calcium153.6
Carbon355.8
Cerium414
Chlorine10.2
Chromium344.3
Cobalt376.5
Copper300.3
Fluorine3.2698
Gallium258.7
Germanium330.9
Gold334.4
Hafnium575
Helium0.0845
ElementHeat of vaporization (kJ/mol)
Hydrogen0.44936
Indium231.5
Iodine20.752
Iridium604
Iron349.6
Krypton9.029
Lanthanum414
Lead177.7
Lithium145.92
Magnesium127.4
Manganese226
Mercury59.229
Molybdenum598
Neon1.7326
Neptuniumn/a
Nickel370.4
Niobium696.6
Nitrogen2.7928
Osmium627.6
Oxygen3.4099
Palladium357
Phosphorus12.129
Platinum510
Polonium60.1
Potassium79.87
Radium37
ElementHeat of vaporization (kJ/mol)
Radon16.4
Rhenium715
Rhodium493
Rubidium72.216
Ruthenium595
Scandium314.2
Selenium26.3
Silicon384.22
Silver250.58
Sodium96.96
Strontium144
Sulfur1.7175
Tantalum743
Technetium660
Tellurium52.55
Thallium164.1
Thorium514.4
Tin295.8
Titanium421
Tungsten824
Vanadium452
Xenon12.636
Yttrium363
Zinc115.3
Zirconium58.2
 

See also

ca:Calor de vaporització cs:Měrné skupenské teplo varu de:Verdampfungswärme es:Entalpía de vaporización fr:Énergie de vaporisation nl:Verdampingswarmte ja:気化熱 pl:Ciepło parowania pt:Entalpia de vaporização sl:Izparilna toplota sv:Ångbildningsvärme

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