Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth
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| Missing image Henry_Addington.jpg Henry Addington | |
| Term of Office: | 17 March 1801–10 May 1804 |
| Predecessor: | William Pitt the Younger |
| Successor: | William Pitt the Younger |
| Date of Birth: | 30 May 1757 |
| Place of Birth: | Holborn, London |
| Date of Death: | 15 February 1844 |
| Place of Death: | Richmond, Surrey |
| Political Party: | Tory |
Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (May 30, 1757 - February 15, 1844) was a British statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804.
Henry Addington was the son of Anthony Addington, William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham's physician, and Mary Addington, the daughter of the Rev. Haviland John Hiley, headmaster of Reading School. As a consequence of his father's position, Addington was a childhood friend of Chatham's son, William Pitt the Younger. Addington studied at Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford, and then studied law at Lincoln's Inn. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1784, and became Speaker of the House of Commons in 1789. In March, 1801, Pitt was forced to resign from office due to his call for Catholic emancipation, and Addington was chosen to succeed him.
Addington's ministry was most notable for the negotiation of the Treaty of Amiens, in 1802 in which an unfavourable peace was agreed to with France. It quickly broke down, and Addington's poor management of the war led to Pitt's return to power the next year. Addington remained an important political figure, however. Created Viscount Sidmouth, he joined Pitt's Cabinet as Lord President of the Council, and later served in the Ministry of All the Talents as Lord Privy Seal and Lord President.
When the Pittites returned to power in 1807, Sidmouth returned to opposition, but returned to government as Lord President of the Council in March, 1812, and, in June of the same year, became Home Secretary. As Home Secretary, Sidmouth brutally crushed radical opposition, being responsible for the suspension of habeas corpus in 1817, and the passage of the repressive Six Acts in 1819. Sidmouth left office in 1822, succeeded as Home Secretary by the much more competent Robert Peel, but remained in the Cabinet as Minister without Portfolio for the next two years, fruitlessly opposing British recognition of the South American republics. He remained active in the House of Lords for the next few years, making his final speech in opposition to Catholic Emancipation in 1829 and casting his final vote against the Reform Act 1832.
Addington maintained a home at Woodley House, in what is now the Reading suburb of Woodley, but moved to the White Lodge in Richmond Park when he became Prime Minister. However he maintained links with Woodley and the Reading area, as commander of the Woodley Yeomanry Cavalry and High Steward of Reading. He also donated to the town of Reading the four acres (16,000 m²) of land that is today the Royal Berkshire Hospital, and his name is commemorated in the town's Sidmouth Street and Addington Road.
Henry Addington's Government, March 1801 - May 1804
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- Henry Addington - First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer
- Lord Eldon - Lord Chancellor
- Lord Chatham - Lord President of the Council and Master-General of the Ordnance
- Lord Westmorland - Lord Privy Seal
- The Duke of Portland - Secretary of State for the Home Department
- Lord Hawkesbury - Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
- Lord Hobart - Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
- Lord St Vincent - First Lord of the Admiralty
- Lord Liverpool - President of the Board of Trade
Changes
- May, 1801 - Lord Lewisham (who becomes Lord Dartmouth in July), the President of the Board of Control, enters the Cabinet
- July, 1801 - The Duke of Portland succeeds Lord Chatham as Lord President (Chatham remains Master of the Ordnance). Lord Pelham succeeds Portland as Home Secretary.
- July, 1802 - Lord Castlereagh succeeds Lord Dartmouth at the Board of Control.
- August, 1803 - Charles Philip Yorke succeeds Lord Pelham as Home Secretary.
Sources
- Leaflet Great People of Reading published by Reading Borough Libraries, undated but probably produced in late 2004 and available through Reading Central Library.
- Web page http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/haddington.html, retrieved 21:45 16th January 2005 GMT
- Web page http://www.berkshirehistory.com/castles/woodley_lodge.html, retrieved 21:45 16th January 2005 GMT
| Preceded by: William Wyndham Grenville | Speaker of the British House of Commons 1789–1801 | Succeeded by: Sir John Mitford | |||
| Preceded by: The Duke of Portland | Lord President of the Council 1805 | Succeeded by: The Earl Camden | |||
| Preceded by: The Earl of Westmorland | Lord Privy Seal 1806 | Succeeded by: The Lord Holland | |||
| Preceded by: The Earl Fitzwilliam | Lord President of the Council 1806–1807 | Succeeded by: The Earl Camden | |||
| Preceded by: The Earl Camden | Lord President of the Council 1812 | Succeeded by: The Earl of Harrowby | |||
| Preceded by: Richard Ryder | Home Secretary 1812–1822 | Succeeded by: Robert Peel
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