Imperial consorts of Tang China
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Imperial consorts of Tang China are organized in eight or nine ranks, in addition to the empress. They are also called the "inner officials" (內官), as opposed to "palace officials" (宮官), the bureaucracy.
In 662, the titles were temporarily changed to be devoid of feminine and superficial quality. This seemingly feminist change was reverted in the twelfth month of 670. The rationales were not explained in official records in both instances. However, some scholars have speculated it to be the suggestion of Empress Wu to her husband.
| Old titles | Rank | -> | New titles | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consort (夫人 furen) | 1a | Assistant in Virtue (賛德 zande) | 1a | |
| Nine Concubines (九嬪 jiupin) | 2a | Propagator of Deportment (宣儀 xuanyi) | 2a | |
| Handsome Fairness (婕妤 jieyu) | 3a | Recipient from the Inner Chamber (承閨 chenggui) | 4a | |
| Beauty (美人 meiren) | 4a | Recipient of Edicts (承旨 chengzhi) | 5a | |
| Talented (才人 cairen) | 5a | Guardian Immortal (衛仙 weixian) | 6a | |
| Lady of Treasure (寶林 baolin) | 6a | Service Provider (供奉 gongfeng) | 7a | |
| Lady of His Majesty (御女 yunü) | 7a | Coiffure Attendant (恃櫛 shijie) | 8a | |
| Selected Lady (采女 cainü) | 8a | Towel Attendant (恃巾 shijin) | 9a |
References
- The table is after Wu Jo-shui's "Empress Wu and Proto-Feminist Sentiments in T’ang China," in Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China. Seattle: University of Washington press, pp. 77-116.