List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century

The following monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century. A list of surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article.

See also: Abolished monarchies, List of current monarchs

Contents: top - 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Aceh Darussalam

Abuja

Afghanistan

Agaie

Akwesane

  • Michael Mitchell chief of Akwesane tribal nation 1984-1994,deposed or abdicated1994,restored 2000.

Albania

Anhalt

  • Duke Joachim Ernst abdicated at the end of World War I in 1918.

Austria

  • Emperor Karl abdicated as Emperor of Austria in 1918.

B

Baden

Baltic State (Estonia and Livonia)

  • No ruler actually chosen, although offers were made to German Emperor Wilhelm II before it ceased to exist in 1918.

Baroda

Bavaria

Belgium

Bharatpur

Bhopal

Bohemia

Bone state

Brunswick

Buffalo Point

  • Warren Thunder chief of Buffalo point 1941-1969,deposed or abdicated 1969,died 1973.

Bugabula

Buganda

Buhweju

  • Ndagara omukama of Buhweju ?-1901,deposed 1901

Burundi

Bukhara

  • Emir Muhammd Alim Khan was deposed in 1920 when his lands were taken over by Bolsheviks.

Buleleng

Bulgaria

Busoga

C

Caliphate

Cambodia

  • King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated in 1955, he served in various important positions, including prime minister and head of state, intermittently until 1976, and was eventually restored to the kingship in 1993.
  • Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak was deposed in 1970 with the coup that ended the regime of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. The monarchy was restored in 1993 with Sihanouk (who had previously reigned from 1941 to 1955) as King.
  • King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated again in 2004.

Central African Empire

Champasak

China

  • Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate in 1912 following a Republican revolution.

Chisasibi

  • Violet Pachanos chief or Chisabibi 1989-1995 ,deposed or abdicated 1995,restored 1999,reigned until 2001.

Courland

  • Duke-elect Wilhelm II was deposed following the end of World War I in 1918.

Croatia

  • The Axis puppet King Tomislav II (Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Spoleto), who had never actually reigned, abdicated in 1943, when Italy made peace with the Allies.

D

Dewas

E

Egypt

  • King Farouk abdicated in 1952 in favor of his infant son Fuad II, who was deposed the next year when Egypt became a republic. (Farouk died 1965; Fuad is still living as of 2005.)

Ethiopia

  • Emperor Iyasu V was deposed 1916 for suspected conversion to the Muslim faith.
  • Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed during communist revolution in 1975.
  • Emperor Amha Selassie I, briefly emperor 1974–1975, was deposed by the abolition of the monarchy.

F

Fiji

Finland

G

Gambia

Germany

  • Kaiser Wilhelm II was deposed following Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918.

Ghana

Gojjam

Gowa

Greece

  • King Constantine I was deposed in 1917 but returned to the throne in 1920.
  • King Constantine I abdicated in 1922.
  • King George II was deposed in 1924 by a referendum abolishing monarchy but returned to the throne in 1935.
  • King Constantine II was deposed by another referendum abolishing monarchy in 1973 (and re-run in 1974).

Guyana

H

Hesse and the Rhine

Hungary

  • King Charles IV lost his throne when a republic was established in 1918. Following the restoration of the Hungarian monarchy in 1920, he was refused permission to assume residency and constitutional functions in the Kingdom by the Regent of Hungary. Karl died in exile in 1922. The Kingdom of Hungary was abolished by communists following World War II.

Hyderabad

I

Iceland

Igara

  • Musinga omukama of Igara ?-1901,deposed 1901.

India

  • King George VI of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India, ceased to be Emperor in 1947, when India gained its independence, and ceased to be King of India in 1950, when India became a republic.

Indian Princely States

  • All the several hundred princely states (with a few exceptions) were abolished upon India's independence in 1947.

Iran

Iraq

Republic of Ireland

  • King George VI ceased to be King when the country became a republic in 1948.

Italy

J

K

Karangasem

Kenya

Khiva

Kokang

Korea

Kubu

Kuwait

Kupang

Kutai

L

Lambjang and Kaski

Laos

Lesotho

  • King Moshoeshoe II was deposed in 1990 and reinstated in 1995.
  • King Letsie III took the throne upon his father's, Moshoeshoe II, deposition in 1990. He was later deposed in favor of his father (1995), and then reclaimed the throne on his father's death in 1996.

Libya

Lingga

Lippe

Lithuania

Luxembourg

  • Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaďde was forced to abdicate in 1919 due to political issues.
  • Her sister and successor Grand Duchess Charlotte also abdicated, in 1964.
  • Charlotte's son and successor Grand Duke Jean abdicated in favour of his son Henri in 2000.

M

Malawi

Maldives

Malta

Manchukuo

  • Emperor Pu-yi was deposed in 1945.

Mauritius

Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Mecca

Mecklenburg-Strelitz

  • The last Grand Duke, Adolf Friedrich VI, committed suicide in February 1918. From then until the abolition of the monarchy in 1918, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin acted as regent.


Morocco

Montenegro

  • King Nikola was deposed after the First World War, when Montenegro became part of Yugoslavia.

N

Netherlands

Nigeria

Norway

  • King Oscar II was replaced in 1905, ending the Swedish-Norwegian personal union.

O

Oman

Oldenburg

P

Pakistan

Poland

  • The portion of Poland formerly ruled by Russia was occupied by Germany and Austria in 1915 and proclaimed an independent kingdom in 1916. Archduke Karl Stefan of Austria was named King-elect, but the nation was declared a republic without ever actually having had a King in the 20th century.

Portugal

  • King Manuel II fled following a revolution in 1910.

Prussia

  • King Wilhelm II was overthrown from the Prussian and German thrones after World War I.

Q

Qatar

R

Reuss Elder Line

Reuss Younger Line

Romania

  • King Michael I was removed as king in favor of his father Carol II in 1930.
  • King Carol II abdicated in 1940.
  • King Michael was deposed again by the communist-dominated government in 1947.

Rujumbura

  • Makobore omukama of Rujumbrura ?-1901,deposed 1901.

Russia

  • Emperor Nicholas II abdicated after the February Revolution of 1917, as did his named successor, his brother Grand Duke Michael (possibly known for a very short time as Michael II). Both Nicholas II and Michael separately were later murdered, as was all of Nicholas II's family in 1918 (see the House of Romanov). The monarchy was abolished and replaced by a Russian republic under Lenin, which in 1922 became the Soviet Union.

Rwanda (the Tutsi state)

S

Sarawak

Saudi Arabia

Saxe-Altenburg

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Saxe-Meiningen

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Saxony

  • King Frederick Augustus III was deposed at the end of the First World War in 1918 with all the other German monarchs.

Schaumburg-Lippe

Serbia

  • King Peter I became instead King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918.

Serdang

Sierra Leone

Sikkim

Sintang

South Africa

  • Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be Queen when South Africa became a republic in 1961.

Spain

  • King Alfonso XIII fled following republican wins in local elections in 1931. (The monarchy was restored in 1975 under his grandson, King Juan Carlos.)

Sri Lanka

T

Tanzania

Thailand

Tibet

  • Tenzin Gyatso was forced to flee from Tibet in 1959 because of the Chinese ocupation. He retains the title of Dalai Lama.

Tigray

Toro

Travancore

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Turkey

U

Uganda

United Kingdom

V

Vietnam

  • Emperor Bao Dai abdicated in 1945 when communists seized control of the nation. Following the Geneva accords, Vietnam was partitioned and Bao Dai became Head of State (Quoc Truong) of the French controlled areas of Vietnam. He was never restored as emperor, and in 1955 was removed from office via referendum.

W

Wajo

  • La Tenribali Batara Wajo I
  • La Tadampare Puangrimaggalatung Arung Matowa Wajo VI was deposed 1500.
  • La Mungkace To Uddamang Arung Matowa Wajo was deposed 1607
  • La Sangkuru Patau Mulajaji Sultan Abdurrahman Arung Matowa Wajo was deposed 1610
  • La Maddukkelleng Sultan Pasir Arung Sengkang Arung Paneki Arung Matowa Wajo was deposed 1750
  • Ishaka Manggabarani Pilla Wajo Punggawa Bone Arung Matowa Wajo
  • La Oddang Pero Datu Larompong Arung Matowa Wajo
  • Ranreng Bettempola, Ranreng Talotenreng, Ranreng Tuwa.
  • Bate Pilla, Bate Patola, Bate Cakkuridi

Waldeck and Pyrmont

  • Prince Friedrich was deposed in 1918.

Württemberg

X

Y

Yemen

Yugoslavia

Z

Zanzibar

(Zanzibar was later united with Tanganyika; see Peoples Republic of Zanzibar for information on Zanzibar after 1964.)

Surviving monarchs from abolished monarchies

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