List of operating systems
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Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.
Early, and historically important
- CTSS (The Compatible TimeShare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
- Incompatible Timesharing System (The Incompatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
- THE operating system (by Dijkstra et al)
- Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
- Master programme developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962.
- See: Operating systems timeline.
Early, proprietary microcomputer OS
- Apple Computer (initial version was Read-only_memory'd firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
- The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
- TRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
- TI99-4
- Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
- mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
Proprietary
Acorn
Amiga
- AmigaOS
- Amiga Linux
- AMIX (Amiga Unix System V release 4.0)
- Minix for Amiga
- NetBSD for Amiga
- OpenBSD for Amiga (not anymore supported since 3.2)
Array Networks
Atari ST
Apple/Macintosh
Burroughs (later Unisys)
Convergent Technologies
Later acquired by Unisys.
Be Incorporated
Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP
- AIS
- OS/8
- ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- MPE (from HP)
- TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
- WAITS
- TENEX (from BBN)
- TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
- RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)
- RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
- RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
- VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)
- HP/UX
- Ultrix
- Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)
- NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
- Guardian
- OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
IBM
- PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
- OS/2 (aka MS-OS/2)
- Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)
- TOS
- OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)
- DOS/360
- DOS/VSE
- z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
- VM/CMS
- z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
- MFT (later called OV/VS1)
- MVT (later called OV/VS2)
- SVS
- MVS (latest variant of MVT)
- TPF
- OS/390
- z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)
- OS/400
- AIX (a version of Unix)
- ALCS
- IBSYS
- DPPX
- K42
ICT/ICL
- GEORGE
- VME
- DME
- TME
Microsoft
- MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
- Windows CE (OS for handhelds that is similar in appearance to Windows)
- Microsoft Windows
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 the first version to make substantial commercial impact
- Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
- Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
- Windows Me (aka Windows 4.2)
- OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
- Windows NT multiple versions of each release
- Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
- Microsoft Codename Longhorn (to be released at some future date)
- Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (to follow Longhorn)
- Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
Sun Microsystems
Other
- EOS, developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
- NOS (acronym for "Network Operating System"), developed by CDC for use in their CDC Cyber line of supercomputers
- THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation (http://www.theos-software.com)
- TinyOS
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems
- Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
- AMIX (Amiga porting of Unix System V release 3.1 with Amiga A2500UX and SVr4.0 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989. Last version was in 1992)
- Cromix (Unix-emulating OS from Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a UNIX-like OS based on the Mach microkernel)
- OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- RiscOS
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)
- Sinix (a port by SNI of UNIX to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
- UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- UniCOS
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
- Skyos (developed by Robert Szeleney)
UNIVAC (later Unisys)
Nonproprietary Unix-like
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems
- UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
- Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
- Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
- Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs)
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
- Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
Open source Unix-like
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- Linux
- GNU Hurd
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
Nonproprietary non-Unix-like
Research non-Unix-like
- Mach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
- Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
- TUNES, 1994
- V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
- L4 Second generation microkernel
Open source non-Unix-like
- ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
Disk operating system
- QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
Network operating systems
- Cambridge Ring O/S
- CSIRONET (CSIRO)
- CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
- NOS (CDC)
- Brocade Fabric OS
Generic/commodity, non-UNIX, and other
- 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS, Windows and OS/2)
- BLIS/COBOL
- Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- BS1000 by Siemens AG
- BS2000 by Siemens AG
- BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- JavaOS
- KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
- nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- SEAL System (http://sealsystem.sourceforge.net/) is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- TripOS, 1978
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
- VM2000 by Siemens AG
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
- aceos under GPL * (http://aceos.netfirms.com/)
Hobby OS
- [CalotaOS] Calota Software Labs Operating System
- AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
- BlueIllusion OS
- BOS - 100% assembler OS (http://bubach.1go.dk/BOS/)
- Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
- AtheOS became Syllable
- Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
- Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
- Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
- LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
- Panalix
- SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
- SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
- Trion Operating System
- NewOS
- Visopsys
- Unununium - Homepage (http://unununium.org/)
- Agnix
- Clicker (http://clicker.sourceforge.net/)
- EROS
- IsaacOS
- LSE/OS
Embedded
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
- Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
- EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
- Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft
- Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
- DOS on Poqet PC
- Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
Smartphones
- Windows CE
- Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
- Mobilinux by Montavista.
- Symbian OS
Router
- IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
- IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
- CatOS by Cisco Systems
- PIX OS by Cisco Systems
- JUNOS by Juniper Networks
- ROS by Ruggedcom
Microcontroller, Real-time operating system
- Contiki
- eCos
- FreeRTOS [1] (http://www.freertos.org)
- INTEGRITY
- LynxOS
- OSEK
- MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)
- Nucleus
- OS-9 by Microware
- QNX
- Rtems [2] (http://www.rtems.com/)
- RTLinux
- Salvo [3] (http://www.htsoft.com/)
- ThreadX
- TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
- µCLinux
- VRTX
- VxWorks
Interpreted
Fictional operating systems
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.
- Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
- ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
- Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
- Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
- Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
- Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [4] (http://www.google.com/jobs/lunar_job5.html)
- Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
- LCARS- From television's Star Trek
- NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
LEGO Mindstorms
See also
External links
- A catalog of operating systems (http://www.csee.wvu.edu/~jdm/classes/cs258/OScat/)da:Styresystemer
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