List of rulers of Monaco

From Academic Kids

The following is a chronological list of rulers of Monaco. Most belong to the House of Grimaldi; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

Legend
	Foreign occupation
	Regency

Name	Reign	Notes
Fran�ois Grimaldi	January 8, 1297¹	Though Fran�ois seized the Rock, he was never ruler of Monaco.
Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes	January 8, 1297 – April 10, 1301	Fran�ois's cousin¹
Under Genoese control from April 10, 1301 to September 12, 1331
Lords of Monaco (French: Seigneurs de Monaco)
Charles I	September 12, 1331 – August 15, 1357	Joint rulers from June 29, 1352 to August 15, 1357
Antonio	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Rainier II	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Gabriel	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Under Genoese control from August 15, 1357 to January 1395
Louis	January 1395 – December 19, 1395	First of two reigns²; jointly with Jean I
Jean I	January 1395 – December 19, 1395	First of three reigns³; jointly with Louis
Under Genoese control from December 19, 1395 to May 11, 1397
Louis	May 11, 1397 – November 5, 1402	Second of two reigns
Under Genoese control from November 5, 1402 to June 5, 1419
Ambroise of Menton	June 5, 1419 – 1427	Jointly with Antonie and Jean I
Antonie of Roquebrune	June 5, 1419 – 1427	Jointly with Ambroise and Jean I
Jean I	June 5, 1419 – October 3, 1436	Second of three reigns³; jointly with Ambroise and Antonie
Occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Blaise Assereto from October 3, 1436 to November 1436
Jean I	November 1436 – May 8, 1454	Third of three reigns
Catalan of Monaco	May 8, 1454 – July 1457
Claudine	July 1457 – March 16, 1458
Pomelline Fregoso	July 1457 – March 16, 1458	Regent for Lady Claudine
Lambert	March 16, 1458 – March 1494
Jean II	March 1494 – October 11, 1505
Lucien	October 11, 1505 – August 22, 1523
Honor� I	August 22, 1523 – October 7, 1581
Augustine Grimaldi	August 22, 1523 – April 14, 1532	Regent for Honor� I
Nicholas Grimaldi	April 14, 1532 – April 23, 1532	Regent for Honor� I
�tienne Grimaldi	April 23, 1532 – December 16 1540	Regent for Honor� I
Charles II	October 7, 1581 – May 17, 1589
Hercule	May 17, 1589 – November 29, 1604
Honor� II	November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662	Though he started his rule as Lord of Monaco, Honor� II later became the first Prince of Monaco⁴.
Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare	November 29, 1604 – 1616	Regent for Honor� II
Princes of Monaco (French: Princes de Monaco)
Honor� II	November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662
Louis I	January 10, 1662 – January 2, 1701	Louis I is not to be confused with Louis, an earlier Lord of Monaco².
Antoine I	January 2, 1701 – February 20, 1731
Louise-Hippolyte	February 26, 1731 – December 29 1731
Jacques I	February 20, 1731 – December 31, 1731	Regent for Louise-Hippolyte until her death
Jacques I	December 31, 1731 – November 7, 1733
Honor� III	November 7, 1733 – January 19, 1793
Ruled by an elected National Convention and its president Joseph Barriera from January 19, 1793 – February 24, 1793
Annexed by France on February 14, 1793; under French occupation until June 17, 1814
Armand Louis de Gontant	February 24, 1793 – March 1 1793	French commandant
Henri Gr�goire	? – ?	French commissioner
Gr�goire Marie Jagot	? – ?	French commissioner
Under allied occupation from May 17, 1814 to June 17, 1814
Honor� IV	May 30, 1814 – February 16, 1819
Joseph Marie Jer�me Honor� Grimaldi,	June 17, 1814 – June 23, 1814	Regent for Honor� IV
The State Council of Monaco, consisting of Louis Millo-Terrazzani, Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise, Antoine Sigaldi, Joseph Rey, and Honor� Albini, ruled on behalf of Honor� IV from June 23, 1814 to March 4, 1819.
Honor� Grimaldi	March 3, 1815 – February 16, 1819	Regent for his father Honor� IV in his old age; became Honor� V upon his father's death
Honor� V	February 16 1819 – October 2, 1841
Florestan I	October 2, 1841 – June 20, 1856
Charles III	June 20, 1856 – September 10, 1889
Albert I	September 10, 1889 – June 26, 1922
Louis II	June 26, 1922 – May 9, 1949
Rainier III	May 9, 1949 – April 6, 2005
Prince Albert, Marquis of Baux	March 31, 2005 – 6 April 2005	Regent for his elderly and incapacitated father Rainier III; became Albert II on Rainier's death
Albert II	April 6, 2005 – Present

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Notes

Fran�ois Grimaldi is often cited as the principality's first ruler, though he was simply the leader of the group which seized the Rock of Monaco on 8 January 1297. Fran�ois's cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes, was, in fact, the first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco. His successor Charles I, who retook the Rock after thirty years of Genoese rule, was the first true Lord of Monaco, and is thus widely considered the founder of the dynasty.
Three men named Louis have ruled Monaco: Louis, Lord of Monaco, twice in the 1390s and early 1400s; Prince Louis I from 1662 to 1701; and Prince Louis II from 1922 to 1949.
Jean I ruled or co-ruled for three separate periods. During the second, after the death of his co-ruler Antonie and the abdication of Ambroise in 1427, he continued as sole ruler, thus assuming a Roman numeral I in later historical texts.
Starting in 1612, Honor� II was the first Monegasque ruler to add the personal style of Prince to his former title, Lord of Monaco; this became official when Philip IV of Spain recognized Monaco as a principality in 1633.