List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

This is a list of states, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire at any time within its existence between 962 and 1806. It is intended to contain only states that were under direct authority of the Emperor (see Reichsunmittelbarkeit), at least during part of their existence. For a list of Imperial Free Cities see List of Imperial Free Cities.

Contents

Table of states

Warning: The list is in development, and as yet far from complete.

Key

Imperial Circles Benches
AU: Austrian Circle EL: Elector
BA: Bavarian Circle EC: Bench of ecclesiastical princes
BU: Burgundian Circle PR: Bench of princes
ER: Electoral Rhenish Circle RP: Bench of Rhenish prelates
FR: Franconian Circle SP: Bench of Swabian prelates
LR: Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle FC: Bench of Franconian counts
LS: Lower Saxon Circle SC: Bench of Swabian counts
UR: Upper Rhenish Circle WE: Bench of Westphalian counts
US: Upper Saxon Circle WT: Bench of Wetterau counts
SW: Swabian Circle RH: Bench of Rhenish free cities
no: Circle free SW: Bench of Swabian free cities
—: ceased to exist before Imperial Reform



StateCircleBenchFormation (from)Dissolution (to)TypeNotes
Anhalt US PR 1173 (Duchy of Saxony) - County from 1212, Prncipality from 1218 1173-1252 and 1570-1603 unified state, otherwise several partitions: Anhalt-Aschersleben, Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Köthen, Anhalt-Zerbst
Bp. AugsburgSWEC?1803Bishopricto Bavaria
Austria AU PR 960 - Margraviate from 960; Duchy from 1155; Archduchy from 1359 or 1453Traditionally divided into Upper and Lower Austria
Baden SW PR c.960 - Margraviate from 1112; Electorate from 1803 1535-1771 divided into Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach
Baden-BadenSWPR15351771Margraviateinherited by the Baden-Durlach line
Baden-DurlachSWPR15351771Margraviate
Bp. BambergFREC10071802Bishopricto Bavaria
Bp. BaselUREC6th Century1801Bishopricto France and Baden
Bavaria BA EL 6th c. - Duchy; Elector from 1623
Bentheim LRWE1050-CountyDivided into Bentheim-Tecklenburg and Bentheim-Bentheim, 1277
Berg LR PR 1093 - County 1093; Duchy 1380; 1614 to Palatinate-Neuburg
Bohemia no EL 9th c. - Duchy, 845; Kingdom, 1198 1526 to Austria
Brandenburg US EL 1134 - Margraviate of the North Mark 936; Margraviate of Brandenburg 1136; Electorate 1355 union with Prussia since 1618
Bp. BrandenburgUSEC9491569Bishopricto the Electorate of Brandenburg
Brandenburg-Ansbach FRPR??-Margraviate1791 to Brandenburg
Brandenburg-BayreuthFRPR??-Margraviate1791 to Brandenburg
Abp. BremenLSEC7871648Archbishopric 787; Duchy 1648secularized to Sweden; from 1720 to Hanover
Bp. BrixenAUEC?1803Bishopric
Brunswick-LüneburgLSPR1180 (Duchy of Saxony)-Duchy from 12th century; Electorate 1692
Brunswick-WolfenbüttelLSPR1267 (Brunswick-Lüneburg)-Duchy
County of BurgundyBUPR11271678 (France)County1330 to Duchy of Burgundy; AKA Franche Comté
Burgundian LandsBUPR?1795 (France)Not a single polity - included various different Duchies and Countiesincluded Brabant, Holland, Hainaut, Flanders (from 1530), etc.; 1581 United Provinces independent
Carinthia AU PR 10th c. - Duchy
Carniola AU PR 1040 - Margraviate, Duchy 1590
Bp. ChurAUEC?1798Bishopricto Helvetic Republic
ClevesLRPR11th c.-Duchy1614 to Brandenburg
Abp. CologneEREL?1803Archbishopricto France and Hesse Darmstadt
Bp. EichstättFREC?1803Bishopricto Salzburg
Bp. FuldaUREC17521803Abbacy 744; Bishopric 1752to Nassau-Orange
GueldersBUPR11th c.1795 (France)County 1096, Duchy 13391543 to Burgundy, after 1581 divided between United Provinces and Southern Netherlands
Bp. HalberstadtLSEC?1648Bishopricsecularized to Prussia
HanoverLSEL1636 (Brunswick-Lüneburg)-Electorate since 1692
HesseURPR1264 (Thuringia)1567Landgraviate
Hesse-DarmstadtURPR1567 (Hesse)-Landgraviate
Hesse-KasselURPR1567 (Hesse)-Landgraviate
Hesse-MarburgURPR1567 (Hesse)1604 (Hesse-Kassel)Landgraviate
Hesse-RheinfelsURPR1567 (Hesse)1583 Landgraviate
JülichLRPR11th c.-Duchy1614 to Palatinate-Neuburg
Bp. KonstanzSWEC?1803Bishopricto Baden
(Saxe-)LauenburgLSEL1260 (Duchy of Saxony)-Duchy1689 to Hanover
Bp. LiègeLREC10th c.1795 (France)Bishopric
LippeLRWE1528-County, then Principality
Bp. LübeckLSEC?1803Bishopricto Oldenburg
Abp. MagdeburgLSEC?1648Archbishopricsecularized to Prussia
Abp. MainzEREL?Archbishopric1803
MarkLRPR1160 (Berg)-County1666 to Brandenburg
MecklenburgLSPR?1621 (M.-Schwerin and M.-Güstrow) Duchy
Mecklenburg-GüstrowLSPR1621 (Mecklenburg)1701 (M.-Schwerin and M.-Strelitz) Duchy
Mecklenburg-SchwerinLSPR1621 (Mecklenburg)- Duchy
Mecklenburg-StrelitzLSPR1701 (M.-Güstrow)- Duchy
Bp. MindenLREC?1648 (Minden)Bishopric1648 secularized to Prussia
MindenLRPR1648 (Bi. Minden)-Principalityto Brandenburg
Bp. MünsterLREC11801803Bishopric
Nassau -?11601255Countysplit into Ottonian branch and Walramian branch
Nassau (Ottonian branch)LR?1255-CountyAfter 1290 several partitions, incl.: Nassau-Beilstein, Nassau-Diez, Nassau-Dillenburg, Nassau-Hadamar, Nassau-Siegen
Nassau (Walramian branch)UR?1255-CountyAfter 1355 several partitions, incl.: Nassau-Idstein, Nassau-Saarbrücken, Nassau-Usingen, Nassau-Weilburg
OldenburgLRPR?-County, then Duchy
Bp. OsnabrückLREC?1803Bishopric
Bp. PaderbornLREC?1803Bishopric
Palatinate (Kurpfalz)EREL10th c.1803County Palatine; Electorate from 1356
Palatinate-NeuburgBAPR1505-County Palatine
Palatinate-SimmernURPR1444 (P.-Simmern-Zweibrücken)1793 (France)County Palatine
Palatinate-SulzbachBAPR1614 (P.-Neuburg)-County Palatine
Palatinate-ZweibrückenURPR1444 (P.-Simmern-Zweibrücken)1793 (France)County Palatine
Bp. PassauBAEC?1803Bishopricto Bavaria
Prussia see Brandenburg Prussia proper was not part of the Holy Roman Empire
Bp. RegensburgBAEC?1806Bishopric; Archbishopric 1803Joined with the Archbishopric of Mainz to form the Archbishopric of Regensburg in 1803.
Abp. SalzburgBAEC?1806Archbishopric to 1803; then Duchy and ElectorateSecularized as a Duchy for the former Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1803.
Saxe-Wittenberg-EL1260 (Duchy of Saxony)1423 (Saxony)Duchy
Duchy of Saxony-?8th c.1260 (Saxe-Wittenberg and Saxe-Lauenburg)Duchy
SaxonyUSEL1423 (Saxe-Wittenberg and Meißen)1485Duchy and Electoratesplit into Ernestine (Thuringia) and Albertine (Saxony) branch
Saxony (Albertine branch)USPR/EL1485 (Saxony)-Duchy; Electorate from 1547After 1547 elector instead of Ernestine branch
Saxony (Ernestine branch)USEL/PR1485 (Saxony)-Duchy; Electorate 1485-1547After 1572 several partitions: Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenberg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Hildburghausen, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Saalfeld, Saxe-Römhild, Saxe-Weimar
SchaumburgLRWE12th c.-? 1640 partly to Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-LippeLRWE1640-County, then Principality
Bp. SpeyerUREC?1803Bishopricto France and Baden
SteinfurtLRWE1454 (Bentheim)-?1804 to Bentheim
Bp. StrassburgUREC?1803Bishopricto Baden
Styria AU PR 11th c. - Margraviate 1056, Duchy 1180
TecklenburgLRWE?-?1707 to Brandenburg-Prussia
Bp. TrentAUEC?1803Bishopric
Abp. TrierEREL?1803Archbishopric
Tyrol AU PR  ? - Princely County
Bp. UtrechtBUEC1024?Bishopric1524 to Burgundy
Bp. VerdenLREC?1648Bishopricsecularized to Sweden; from 1720 to Hanover
Bp. WormsUREC?1803Bishopricto Hesse-Darmstadt and France
WürttembergSWPR1089-County 1089, Duchy 1495, Electorate 1803
Bp. WürzburgFREC?1803Bishopricto Bavaria

Grouped lists

The following lists are going to be included into the table above.

Ecclesiastical States

Livonian territories

Lands of the Bohemian Crown

Territories of Old Princely Families

Territories of New Princely Families

  • Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1653)
  • Eggenberg, held Gradisca (1653, extinct 1717)
  • Lobkowitz, held Sternstein (1653)
  • Salm (1654)
    • Salm-Salm
    • Salm-Kyrburg
  • Dietrichstein, held Trasp (1654)
  • Piccolomini, no immediate territories (1654, extinct 1656)
  • Nassau
    • Nassau-Hadamar and Nassau-Siegen (1654)
    • Nassau-Dillenburg and Nassau-Dietz (1654)
  • Auersperg, held Thengen (1654)
  • Portia, no immediate territories (1664, extinct 1665)
  • East Frisia (1667, to Brandenburg 1744)
  • Fürstenberg (1667)
  • Schwarzenberg (1674)
  • Waldeck-Eisenberg (1686, extinct 1692)
  • Churchill-Marlborough, held Mindelheim (1705, extinct 1714)
  • Lamberg, held Leuchtenberg (1709, extinct 1714)
  • Liechtenstein, held Schellenberg-Vaduz (1713)
  • Thurn und Taxis, held Eglingen and Sheer-Friedberg (1754)
  • Schwarzburg (1754)

Territories raised to princely level in 1803

Some terroritories were raised to princely level by a Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803:

  • Ortenau (for the House of Modena-Este)
  • Nassau-Usingen
  • Nassau-Weilburg
  • Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
  • Waldeck
  • Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
  • Öttingen
    • Öttingen-Spielberg
    • Öttingen-Wallerstein
  • Solms-Braunfels
  • Hohenlohe
    • Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
    • Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
    • Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
  • Isenburg-Birstein
  • Kaunitz-Rietberg
  • Reuss-Greiz
  • Leiningen
  • Ligne
  • Looz-Corswarem

See also

de:Deutsche Länder (HRR) it:Lista degli stati del Sacro Romano Impero

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