London Gold Market
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The London Gold Market is entirely different from, but often confused with the London Metal Exchange. Only base metals are traded at the London Metal Exchange (LME), while gold and silver are traded by members of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), loosely overseen by the Bank of England. Most of the members are major international banks or bullion dealers and refiners. Five members of the LBMA meet twice daily to "fix" the gold price in a process known as the London Gold Fixing.
Gold is traded primarily Over the Counter (OTC) with limited amounts trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and Tokyo Commodities Exchange (TOCOM). These contracts are also known as Gold Futures contracts. Spot gold is traded for settlement two business days following the trade date, with a business day defined as a day when both New York and London are open for business. Unlike many commodities markets, the forward market for gold is driven by spot prices and interest rate differentials (similar to foreign exchange forward markets) rather than underlying supply and demand dynamics. This is because gold, like currencies, is borrowed and lent by central banks and in the inter-bank market. Because interest rates for gold tend to be lower than US domestic interest rates (to encourage gold borrowings so that central banks can earn interest on their large gold holdings), except in exceptional circumstances the gold market tends to be in contango (i.e. the forward price of gold is higher than the spot price). This has historically made it an attractive market for forward sales by gold producers and contributed to an active and relatively liquid derivatives market.
External Links
- LBMA (http://www.lbma.org.uk)