Marine
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Marine is an umbrella term for things relating to the ocean, as with Marine biology, Marine geology, and as a term for a navy, etc. In scientific contexts, the term almost always refers exclusively to saltwater environments, although in other contexts (e.g., engineering) it may refer to any (usually navigable) body of water.
Marines is the name of a commune in the département of Val d'Oise, France.
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Military
A marine is basically a soldier who fights at sea instead of on land. Traditionally, marines served on board warships and fulfilled numerous roles - they assisted the crew in battles against other warships, conducted small coastal raids, and protected the officers from mutiny by the crew.
In modern warfare, Marines are often highly mobile, elite troops that can be positioned offshore close to the war zone to launch amphibious assaults. Manoeuver warfare is a type of fighting used by the US Marine Corps, which allows the battle to quickly change on the go and in turn keeping the enemy off balance at all times. Communication is key to this form of warfare.
National Marine corps
- The French Navy is called the Marine Nationale, including the French Marine Corps; two types of French Marines exist,
- French Army units which were formerly titled Colonial Troops and were army troops who wore an anchor patch and served overseas, but were the responsibility of the French Navy for administration. Nowadays, Marine troops consist Marine Infantry (Infanterie de Marine), Marine Artillery (Artillerie de Marine), Marine Armor (Chars de Marine). Marine troops wear an anchor patch.
- The Naval Fusiliers who protected naval bases and served on capital ships. Currently the Naval Fusiliers (FUSMAR or fusiliers marine) consists of 14 Companies of Fusiliers and a small commando battalion (FUSCO, or fusiliers/commandos).
- The Deutsche Marine is the modern German Navy
- The Royal Norwegian Navy is called Den Kongelige Norske Marine in Norwegian. The Royal Norwegian Navy unit responsible for naval infantry and ISTAR operations (equivalent to other countries' marine corps) is the Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command (Kystjegerkommandoen).
- The Royal Netherlands Navy is called the Koninklijke Marine in Dutch, not to be confused with the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps which is part of it.
- Spain's Infanteria de Marina - The oldest Marine Corps in the world, established on February 27, 1537
- Royal Thai Marine Corps
- The Royal Marines of the United Kingdom were formed in 1664 and are administered by the Royal Navy
- United States Marine Corps - (established as the Continental Marines on November 10, 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Note that some countries do not differentiate branches of their armed forces, as Israeli Defense Forces, Canadian Armed Forces.
Historical Marine corps
- Corps of Colonial Marines - Formed by the British during the mid 1840s to serve in the remaining British America colonies (mainly the West Indies), The Colonial Marines were controlled by the Royal Marines as an auxiliary force. Initially recruited from freed or escaped slaves from the United States and later from local inhabitants, these units were either disbanded or absorbed by the West Indies Regiment.
- During the American Civil War, the Confederate Marine Corps.
- In Japan:
- Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces - existed from 1928 to 1945
- Also the Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces - some with marine-like duties.
Science Fiction Marines
- Space Marines
- United States Colonial Marines
- Marines are the basic military unit for Terrans in Starcraft.