Primitive type

In computer science, primitive types, as distinct from composite types - are datatypes provided by a programming language as basic building blocks. Depending on the language and its implementation, primitive types may or may not have a one-to-one correspondence with objects in the computer's memory.

Primitive types are also known as built-in types or basic types.

The actual range of primitive types that is available is dependent upon the specific programming language that is being used. For example, in C, strings are not implemented as a primitive datatype, whereas in modern dialects of Basic they are primitives.

Typical primitive types include:

More sophisticated types include:

One usually expect operations on primitive types to be the fastest language contructs there are. Integer addition, for example, can be performed as a single machine instruction, and some processors offer specific instructions to process sequences of characters with a single instruction. In particular, the C standard mentions that "a ``plain'' int object has the natural size suggested by the architecture of the execution environment". This means that int is likely to be 32-bit long on a 32-bit architecture.

Most languages do not allow the behaviour or capabilities of primitive types to be modified by programs. Exceptions include Smalltalk, which permits primitive datatypes to be extended within a program, adding to the operations that can be performed on them or even redefining the built-in operations.

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