Telencephalon
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In humans, the telencephalon surrounds older parts of the brain much like a helmet or turban. It includes the cerebral cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, a limbic lobe and an olfactory lobe. Limbic, olfactory and motor systems project fibers from subcortical areas of the cerebrum to parts of the brainstem. Cognitive and volitive systems project fibers from cortical areas of the cerebrum to thalamic nuclei and to other regions of the brainstem. The neural networks of the telencephalon facilitate complex learned behaviors, such as the use of language.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, and contains white matter surrounded by a clear membrane. Its surface is composed of grey matter and is grooved instead of being smooth, which increases its surface area.
The telencephalon includes regions of archipalliar, paleopalliar, and neopalliar origin. Profound development of the neopallium, which comprises the cerebral cortex, is unique among humans and Old World monkeys.
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