Vienna Awards
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Vienna Awards or Vienna Arbitration Awards or Vienna Arbitral Awards or Vienna Diktats or Viennese Arbitrals are various names for two arbitral awards (1938 and 1940) by which arbiters of National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the territorial claims of Revisionist Hungary, ruled by Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy. The awards sanctioned Hungary's occupation of territories in present-day Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania which Hungary had lost by the 1920 Treaty of Trianon in the course of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, and which Hungary had always sought to regain.
First Vienna Award
Main article:First Vienna Award.
By this award, on November 2, 1938, Germany and Italy forced Czechoslovakia (later, Slovakia) to cede southern Slovakia and southern Carpatho-Ukraine to Hungary.
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Second Vienna Award
Main article:Second Vienna Award.
The Second Vienna Award was rendered on August 30, 1940. Germany and Italy forced Romania to cede half of Transylvania to Hungary. The area was henceforth known as "North-Western Transylvania." The rest of Transylvania remained in Romania. During August, 1940, the Romanian government acceded to Italy's request for territorial cessions to Bulgaria. On September 7, under the Treaty of Craiova, the Cadrilater or "Quadrilateral" (the southern part of Dobrudja) was ceded by Romania to Bulgaria.