Virgo

From Academic Kids

See VIRGO (physics) for a French-Italian project in physics.

Template:Infobox Constellation Virgo (♍, and Latin for virgin) is a constellation of the zodiac. Lying between Leo to the west and the Libra to the east, it is one of the largest constellations in the sky. It can be easily found through its bright α star, Spica.

Contents

1 Notable features

2 Notable deep sky objects

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Notable features

The most prominent star in Virgo is Spica (α Vir), which was sometimes considered to represents an ear of wheat in Virgo's hand. Spica makes it easy to locate Virgo, as it can be found by following the curve of the Big Dipper to Arcturus in Bo�tes and continuing from there in the same curve ("follow the arc to Arcturus and speed on to Spica").

Other bright stars in Virgo include Zavijah (β Vir), Porrima (γ Vir), Auva (δ Vir) and Vindemiatrix (ε Vir). Other fainter stars which were also given a name are Heze (ζ Vir), Zaniah (η Vir), Syrma (ι Vir) and Rijl al Awwa (μ Vir).

The star 70 Virginis is an extrasolar planetary system with one confirmed planet 6.6 times the mass of Jupiter.

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Notable deep sky objects

Because of the presence of a galaxy cluster (consequently called the Virgo cluster) within its borders 5° to 10° west of Vindemiatrix (ε Vir), this constellation is especially rich in galaxies.

Some examples are M49 (elliptical), M58 (spiral), M59 (elliptical), M60 (elliptical), M61 (spiral), M84 (elliptical), M86 (elliptical), M87 (elliptical and a famous radiosource), and M90 (spiral). A noted galaxy that is not part of the cluster is M104, an elliptical galaxy also called the Sombrero Galaxy. It is located about 10° due west of Spica.

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Stars

Stars with proper names:

Spica [Spica Virginis] or Azimech or Alaraph (67α Vir) 0.98
< spīca virginis Virgo's ear of wheat
< ? as-simak al-a'zal The undefended ?
< (?) The grape gatherer

Zavijava [Zavijah, Zavyava, Zawijah] or Alaraph (or Minelauva, see δ Vir) (β Vir) 3.61
< زاوية العوى zāwiyat al-^{c^awwa�} Corner of the barking (dog) [perhaps referring to a kennel?]

Porrima or Arich (29/γ Vir) – double 2.74, 3.68

Auva [Al Awwa] or Minelauva (43/δ Vir) 3.39
< عوى ^{c^awwa�} barking + min = ?

Vindemiatrix [Vendemiatrix] or Vindemiator or Almuredin or Alaraph or Provindemiator or Protrigetrix or Protrygetor (47/ε Vir) 2.85
< vindēmiātrix, vindēmitor The grape-harvestress

Heze (79/ζ Vir) 3.38

Zaniah (15/η Vir) 3.89
< زاوية zāwiyah corner

Syrma (99/ι Vir) 4.07
< سرما (تطريز) sirmā train (of a garment)

Khambalia (100/λ Vir) 4.52
< (?) The curved claw?

Rijl al Awwa (107/μ Vir) 3.87
< رجل العوى rijl al-^{c^awwa�} The foot of the barking (dog)

Stars with Bayer designations:

51/θ Vir 4.38; 98/κ Vir 4.18; 3/ν Vir 4.04; 2/ξ Vir 4.84; 9/ο Vir 4.12; 8/π Vir 4.65; 30/ρ Vir 4.88; 60/σ Vir 4.78; 93/τ Vir 4.23; 102/υ Vir 5.14; 26/χ Vir 4.66; 105/φ Vir 4.81; 40/ψ Vir 4.77; 1/ω Vir 5.24; 7/b Vir 5.36; 16/c Vir 4.97; 31/d¹ Vir 5.57; 32/d² Vir 5.22; 59/e Vir 5.19; 25/f Vir 5.88; g Vir 5.57; 76/h Vir 5.21; 68/i Vir 5.27; 44/k Vir 5.79; 74/l Vir 4.68; 82/m Vir 5.03; 78/o Vir 4.92; 90/p Vir 5.16; 21/q Vir 5.48; y Vir 5.92; 4/A¹ Vir 5.31; 6/A² Vir 5.58

Stars with Flamsteed designations:

10 Vir 5.95; 11 Vir 5.72; 12 Vir 5.85; 13 Vir 5.90; 17 Vir 6.46; 20 Vir 6.29; 27 Vir 6.22; 28 Vir 6.81; 33 Vir 5.65; 34 Vir 6.11; 35 Vir 6.42; 37 Vir 6.02; 38 Vir 6.11; 41 Vir 6.25; 46 Vir 5.99; 48 Vir 6.62; 49 Vir 5.15; 50 Vir 5.95; 53 Vir 5.04; 54 Vir 6.26; 55 Vir 5.31; 56 Vir 6.95; 57 Vir 5.21; 61 Vir 4.74 – nearby; 62 Vir 6.73; 63 Vir 5.36; 64 Vir 5.89; 65 Vir 5.88; 66 Vir 5.76; 69 Vir 4.76; 70 Vir 4.97 – has a planet; 71 Vir 5.65; 72 Vir 6.10; 73 Vir 6.01; 75 Vir 5.52; 77 Vir 7.12; 80 Vir 5.70; 83 Vir 5.55; 84 Vir 5.35; 85 Vir 6.18; 86 Vir 5.50; 87 Vir 5.41; 89 Vir 4.96; 92 Vir 5.90; 94 Vir 6.54; 95 Vir 5.46; 96 Vir 6.45; 101 Vir 5.84; 104 Vir 6.18; 106 Vir 5.42; 108 Vir 5.68; 109 Vir 3.73; 110 Vir 4.39

Other notable stars:

Ross 128 (FI Vir) 11.12 – flare star; nearby
Wolf 424 – double 13.04, 13.30; flare star; nearby
DT Vir 9.75 – variable; nearby
EQ Vir 9.31 – flare star; nearby
FL Vir 13.30 – flare star; nearby
HD 114783 7.57 – has a planet
HD 130322 8.05 – has a planet
PSR 1257+12 – pulsar; has 3 planets

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Mythology

Who exactly Virgo was considered to represent is uncertain; in history, it has been associated with nearly every prominent goddess, including Ishtar, Isis, Cybele, and Athena. Virgo may also feature, along with Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor, as part of the source of the myth of Callisto, either as Callisto herself, or as Hera. Persephone (who in some mythologies, notably the Eleusinian Mysteries, was considered to be a form of Demeter) is often mentioned as well, Virgo being visible mainly in the spring months when she was believed to have risen from the underworld.

According to one interpretation, the constellation depicts Astraea, the virgin daughter of the god Zeus and the goddess Themis. Astraea was known as the goddess of justice, and was identified as this constellation due to the presence of the scales of justice Libra nearby, and supposedly ruled the world at one point with her wise ways until mankind became so callous that she returned to skies in disgust.

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Astrology

The Western astrological sign Virgo of the tropical zodiac (August 23 - September 22) differs from the astronomical constellation and the Hindu astrological sign of the sidereal zodiac (September 16 - October 30).

In some cosmologies, Virgo is associated with the classical element Earth, and thus called an Earth Sign (with Taurus and Capricorn). It is also one of the mutable signs (along with Gemini, Sagittarius, and Pisces). It is the domicile and exaltation of Mercury. Its polar opposite is Pisces. Each astrological sign is assigned a part of the body, viewed as the seat of its power. Virgo rules the intestines. The symbol for Virgo is the virgin or maiden.