Educational psychology
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Educational psychology and school psychology study how children and adults learn, the effectiveness of various educational strategies and tactics, and how schools function as organizations. Although the titles are often used interchangedly, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified as educational psychologists, while practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists. School psychologists work together with teachers and parents, to enhance children's learning and development by helping them to resolve behavioural, emotional and academic problems. School psychologists focus on the needs of children in school as well as other areas of children's lives that interact with their school experiences. While educational and school psychology deal with all types of learners, some school psychologists focus on assisting children with specific difficulties such as learning disability, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and mood disorder.
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Theoretical Perspectives
Several perspectives have been established within which the theories used in educational psychology are formed and contested. These include Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Social Cognitivism, and Constructivism. Theorists who have had a major influence on educational psychology include:
- Albert Bandura 1925
- Alfred Binet 1857-1911
- Benjamin Bloom 1913-1999
- Jerome Bruner 1915
- Robert Gagné 1916-2002
- Lawrence Kohlberg 1927-1987
- Jean Piaget 1896-1980
- Carl Rogers 1902-1987
- Herbert Simon 1916–2001
- Burrhus Frederic Skinner 1904-1990
- Charles Spearman 1863-1945
- Lev Semenovich Vygotsky 1896-1934
Social, Moral and Cognitive Development
- Developmental psychology
- Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
- Kohlberg's stages of moral development
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Individual Differences and Disabilities
Learning and Cognition
Motivation
Applications in Teaching and Learning
Careers in Educational Psychology
A person is generally considered an Educational Psychologist if he or she has completed a graduate degree in educational psychology or a closely related field. Universities usually establish educational psychology graduate programs in either psychology departments or faculties of education. Psychologists that work in a k-12 school setting are usually trained at either the masters or doctoral (PhD or EdD) level. In addition to conducting assessments, school psychologists provide services such as academic and behavioral intervention, counseling, teacher consultation, and crisis intervention.
See also
[school-based interventions (http://moodle.ed.uiuc.edu/wiked/index.php/School-based_interventions)]
- WikEd (http://moodle.ed.uiuc.edu/wiked) is a MediaWiki operated by the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign