Joel Stebbins
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Joel Stebbins (July 30 1878 – March 16 1966) was an American astronomer who pioneered photoelectric photometry in astronomy. He earned his Ph.D at the University of California. He was director of University of Illinois observatory from 1903 to 1922 and the Washburn Observatory at the University of Wisconsin from 1922 to 1948. After 1948, Stebbins continued his research at Lick Observatory until his final retirement in 1958.
Stebbins brought photoelectric photometry from its infancy in the early 1900s to a mature technique by the 1950s, when it succeeded photography as the primary method of photometry. Stebbins used the new technique to investigate eclipsing binaries, the reddening of starlight by interstellar dust, colors of galaxies, and variable stars.
Stebbins was awarded the Bruce Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1941, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1950, and the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society in 1956. The asteroid 2300 Stebbins is named in his honor.