List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
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This is a list of currently active, autonomist and secessionist movements around the world.
Entries on this list meet two criteria; they are active movements with living, active members, and they are seeking greater autonomy or freedom for a geographical region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
For defunct movements, please see: List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements
Africa
Algeria
- Kabyles
- Proposed state: Kabylia
- Political: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie de la Kabylie
Angola
- Cabinda
- Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Political: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Violent: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
- Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda
Benin
Cameroon
- Bakassi Peninsula
- Southern Cameroon
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon, Ambazonia
- Political: Southern Cameroon National Council
Chad
- Southern Chad
- Violent: Forces Armées Tchadiennes
- Proposed state: Logone Republic
Comoros
- Anjouan
- Moheli
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali
Congo-Kinshasa
- Bas-Congo
- Proposed state: Bundu dia Kongo (Kingdom of Kongo)
- South Kasai
- Proposed state: Mining State
- Katanga
- Kwili, Kivu
- Proposed state: Republic of Bukavu
Côte d'Ivoire
- Northern Regions
- Violent: Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
- Gambela
- Violent: Gambella People Liberation Movement
- Ogaden
- Oromia
- Tigray
- Violent: Tigray People's Liberation Front
- Western Somalia
France (Africa)
Maldives
- Suvadives
- Proposed state: United Suvadivian Republic
Mauritius
Morocco
- Western Sahara
- De facto state: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Violent: Polisario Front
Namibia
- Caprivi Strip
- Political: Caprivi African National Union
- Proposed state: Free State of Caprivi Strip/Itenge
Nigeria
- Bakassi Peninsula
- Igbo
- Proposed state: Biafra (defunct)
- Political: Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
- Ogoni
- Yoruba
- Political: Oodua Republic Front
Rwanda
- Batwa
- Political: Association for the Promotion of Batwa
Somalia
- Gedo
- Violent: Rahanwein Resistance Army
- Proposed state: State of Southwestern Somalia
- Hiranland
- Proposed state: States of the Central Somalia
- Jubaland
- Violent: Somali Patriotic Movement
- Proposed state: Republic of Jubaland
- Puntland
- Political: Somali Salvation Democratic Front
- De facto state: Republic of Puntland State of Somalia
- Somaliland
- Political: Somali National Movement
- De facto state: Republic of Somaliland
Senegal
South Africa
- Afrikaner
- Political: Volksfront, Vryheidsfront
- Violent: Afrikaner Resistance Movement
- Proposed state: Orania
- Bophuthatswana
- Kwazulu
- Political: Inkatha Freedom Party
- Western Cape
Sudan
- Beja
- Violent: Beja Congress
- Darfur
- Violent: Darfur Liberation Front
- Kassala
- Lado
- Southern Sudan
- Proposed state: Nile State
Tanzania
- Zanzibar
- Political: Civic United Front
Zambia
- Barotse
- Proposed state: Barotseland
- Violent: Barotse Patriotic Front
Zimbabwe
Asia
Armenia
- Kurds
- Political: Kurdistan Democratic Party
- Violent: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
Azerbaijan
- Nagorno-Karabakh
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- Nakhichevan
- Proposed state: Republic of Nakhichevan
- Talysh-Mughan (Talyshstan)
- Proposed state: Talysh-Mughan Republic
Bahrain
Bangladesh
- Chakma, Chittagong Hill
- Political: Parbattya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti, or Chittagong Hill Tribal People's Coordination Association
- Proposed state: Confederacy of Chittagong
China
- Hong Kong
- Political: Pro-democracy camp (Democratic Party, The Frontier, Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre, Basic Law Article 45 Concern Group and other pro-democracy independents)
- Inner Mongolia
- Macau
- Political: New Macau Association
- Tibet
- Government-in-exile: Tibetan Government in Exile
- Political: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet,United Liberation Front of Tibet
- Xinjiang
- Violent: East Turkestan Islamic Movement
- Political: East Turkestan Government in Exile (newly founded, and not widely known or recognized yet)
- Taiwan (Main article: Taiwan independence, Political status of Taiwan)
- Political: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)
- Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
Georgia
- Abkhazia
- De facto state: Republic of Abkahzia
- Ajaria
- Mingrelia
- Ossetians
- De facto state: Republic of South Ossetia
India
See also: Insurgent groups in Northeast India
- Andhra Pradesh
- Political: Jai Andhra
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Violent: Arunachal Dragon Force
- Proposed state: Teola country
- Assam
- Bodoland
- Dimaland
- Political: Dima Halim Daogah
- Garo
- Violent: People's Liberation Front of Meghalaya, Achik National Volunteer Council
- Proposed state: Achikland
- Goa
- Gondwana
- Political: Gondwana Ganatantra Party, seeking to create a Gondi state from parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra.
- Kangleipak
- Kamtapur
- Political: Kamtapur Peoples Party (political wing of KLO)
- Violent: Kamtapur Liberation Organisation, Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation
- Karbi
- Violent: Karbi National Volunteers
- Proposed state: Karbi-Anglong
- Kashmir
- Violent: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Political: Kashmir Independence Organization
- Proposed state: Azad Kashmir
- Khasi
- Kuki
- Violent: Kuki National Army
- Nagaland
- Violent: National Socialist Council of Nagalim
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Manipur
- Mizoram
- Violent: Zomi Revolutionary Organization, Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force
- Proposed state: Zozam
- Punjab
- Proposed state: Khalistan
- Violent: Khalistan Commando Force–Panjwar, Babbar Khalsa International, Khalistan Zindabad Force, International Sikh Youth Federation
- Rabha
- Proposed state: Rhabaland
- Violent: Rabha National Security Force
- Reang
- Violent: Bru National Liberation Front
- Tamil Nadu
- Telangana
- Political: Telangana Rashtra Samithi, seeking to separate Telangana from Andhra Pradesh state. Various other minor parties such as Jai Telangana Party, Telangana Communist Party, Telangana Janata Party, Telangana Praja Samithi, Telangana Rashtra Party, Telangana Rashtra Sadhana Front, Telangana Rashtra Samithi and Telangana Sadhana Samithi.
- Tripura
- Violent: National Liberation Front of Tripura (two factions operating), All Tripura Tiger Force
- Vidarbha
- Political: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, seeking to separate Vidarbha from Maharashtra.
Indonesia
- Aceh
- Violent: Free Aceh Movement
- Maluku
- Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan
- Riau
- West Papua
- Political: Free Papua Movement, Organisasi Papua Merdeka, West Papua Niugini
- Proposed state: Republic of West Papua
- West Timor
Iran
- Ahwaz
- Political: Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz
- Assyria
- Political: Assyrian Universal Alliance
- South Azerbaijan
- Kurds
- Political: Kurdistan Democratic Party
- Violent: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
Iraq
- Kurds
- Political: Kurdistan Democratic Party
- Violent: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Shias
- Assyria
- Political: Assyrian Universal Alliance
Israel
- Palestine (Main article: Proposals for a Palestinian state)
- Political/Violent: Palestine Liberation Front, Palestine Liberation Organisation
- Violent: Hamas, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
- De facto state: Palestinian National Authority
Japan
- Ainu
- Hokkaido
- Ryukyus
- Proposed state: Republic of the Ryukyus
- Political: Okinawa Independence Movement, Okinawa Independence Party
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
- Sabah
- Sarawak
- Political: Sarawak United Peoples' Party
Myanmar
- Arakan
- Political/Violent: Arakan Independence Alliance
- Chin
- Violent: Chin National Front
- Proposed state: Chinland
- Kachin
- Political: Kachin National Organization
- Proposed state: Kachinland
- Karen
- Political/Violent: Karen National Union
- Violent: Karen National Liberation Army
- Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
- Karenni
- Political/Violent: Karenni National Progressive Party
- Violent: Karenni Army
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Kuki
- Political/Violent: Kuki National Organisation
- Violent: Kuki National Army
- Proposed state: Kukiland
- Mon
- Political: New Mon State Party
- Nagaland
- Violent: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Rakhine
- Political/Violent: Arakan Rohingya National Organization
- Shan
- Political: Shan Democratic Union
- Political/Violent: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Violent: Shan State Army
- Proposed state: United Shan States
- Wa
- Political: United Wa State Party
- Violent: United Wa State Army
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Zomi
- Political: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
- Violent: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army
- Proposed state: Zogam, or Federated State of Zomi
Pakistan
Philippines
- Bangsamoro
- Political: Moro National Liberation Front
- Violent: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao
- Cordillera
- Political: Cordillera Bodong Association
- Violent: Cordillera People's Liberation Army
Russia
- Buryatia
- Eastern Siberia
- Proposed state: United States of Northern Asia
- Sakha
- Political: Sakha-Amuk
- Tuva
Sri Lanka
- Tamil
- De facto state: Tamil Eelam
- Violent: Tamil Tigers
- Political: Tamil United Liberation Front
Syria
- Kurds
- Political: Kurdistan Democratic Party
- Violent: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Assyria
- Political: Assyrian Universal Alliance
Tajikistan
Thailand
- Hmong
- South Muslim Thailand
- Violent: Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO)
- Proposed state: Greater Patani State (Negara Patani Raya)
Turkey
- Assyria
- Political: Assyrian Universal Alliance
- Kurds
- Political: Kurdistan Democratic Party
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Violent: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Kurdistan Workers Party
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
Europe
Albania
- Northern Epirus
- Ilyria
- Proposed state: Ilyria Republic
Belgium
- Flanders
- Political: Vlaams Blok, Volksunie, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie
- Wallonia
- Political: Front National (Belgium)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Proposed State: Republika Srpska
- Proposed State: Herceg Bosna
- Proposed State: Islamic Republic of Bosnia
Croatia
- Active regional autonomy movements present in all parts of the country, but notably in:
Cyprus
- Northern Cyprus
- De facto state: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Denmark
- Faroe Islands
- Political: Independence Party
- Free State of Christiania
- Greenland
- Political: Inuit Ataqatigiit
Finland
- Aland
- Political: List for Alands Future
- Sami
- Proposed state: Lapland
France (Europe)
- Alsace-Lorraine
- Basque Country
- Political: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, Batasuna
- Brittany
- Political: Parti pour l'Organisation d'une Bretagne Libre, Union Démocratique Bretonne, Emgann, Front de Libération de la Bretagne
- Violent: Armee Revolutionnaire Bretonne
- Proposed state: Breizh
- Corsica
- Political: Corsica Nazione
- Violent: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
- Normandy
- Political: Le Mouvement Normand
- Savoy
- Political: La Ligue Savoisienne
- Occitania
- Political: Parti Nacional Occitan
Germany
- Bavaria
- Political: Bavaria Party
Italy
- Aosta Valley
- Political: Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta
- Northern Italy
- Sardinia
- Political: Sardigna Natzione
- Sicily
- South Tyrol
- Southern Italy
- Political: Lega Sud, Due Sicilie
- Proposed state: Ausonia
- Venice
Republic of Macedonia
- Ilyria
- Proposed state: Ilyria Republic
Moldova
- Gagauz Yeri
- Transnistria
- De facto state: Transdniestrian Moldovan Republic
Netherlands (Europe)
Norway
Poland
- Kashubia
- Silesia
- Political: Ruch Autonomii Śląska
Portugal
- Azores
- Political: Azores Liberation Front
- Madeira
Romania
- Szekler
- Proposed land division: Szekler Autonomous Region
Russia
- Chechnya
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Kaliningrad
- Karelia
- Northern Ossetia
- Sami
- Proposed state: Lapland
- Tatarstan
- Ural
- Political: Ural Transformation Movement
Serbia and Montenegro
- Montenegro
- Kosovo and Metohia
- Political: Democratic League of Kosovo
- Violent: Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja
- Violent: UCPMB (defunct)
- Political: Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac
- Sandzak
- Vojvodina
Spain
- Andalusia
- Political: Nación Andaluza
- Aragon
- Political: Aragonese Party
- Asturias
- Political: Andecha Astur
- Basque Country
- Political: Partido Nacionalista Vasco, Eusko Alkartasuna, Euskal Herritarrok (previously Herri Batasuna and Batasuna), Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
- Violent: ETA
- Canary Islands
- Cantabria
- Castile
- Catalonia
- Political: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Catalan Republican Left), Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (Catalan Democratic Convergence), Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (Catalan Democratic Union)
- Violent: Terra Lliure (defunct)
- Galicia
- Political: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block), NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity), Frente Popular Galega (Galician Popular Front))
- Violent: Exercito Gerrilheiro do Povo Galego Ceibe (defunct)
- León
- Political: Conceyu Xoven
- Navarra
Sweden
- Sami
- Proposed state: Lapland
- Scania
- Terra Scania
Ukraine
United Kingdom and associated islands (Europe)
- Cornwall: Cornish nationalism Constitutional status of Cornwall
- Political: Mebyon Kernow Cornish Nationalist Party
- Cultural and Constitutional: Cornish Stannary Parliament, Cornwall 2000, Cornish Solidarity, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn
- Proposed state Cornwall as one of the home nations (possibly a Duchy) of the UK and not a county of England. An independant Cornish state is sought by some.
- England:
- Gibraltar
- Northern Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Political: Mec Vannin
- Scotland: Scottish independence
- Wales
- Political: Plaid Cymru, Forward Wales, Cymru Goch, Cymru Annibynnol
North America
Canada
Secessionist movements
- Alberta
- Political: Separation Party of Alberta
- British Columbia
- Political: British Columbia Separatist Movement
- Quebec (Main article: Quebec sovereignty movement)
- Civil: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ) (and the Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ) & Centrale des syndicats démocratiques (CSD) labour unions)
- Cultural: Les Artistes pour la Souveraineté, Union des Artistes
- Political: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Union des Forces Progressistes
- Western Canada
Autonomist movements
See also: Secessionist movements of Canada
United States
- Alaska
- Political: Alaskan Independence Party
- California
- Delaware
- Guam
- Hawaii: Hawaiian sovereignty movement
- Political: Hawai`i — Independent & Sovereign
- Maryland:Eastern Shore of Maryland
- Killington, Vermont
- Voted to break away from Vermont and join New Hampshire due to grievances with Vermont tax policy, but currently waiting for the state legislatures of both states to approve the secession.
- New England
- Political: New England Confederation Movement
- New York City
- Proposed U.S. state: New York City secession
- Northern Marianas
- Northern Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota
- Proposed state: North Star Republic
- Pacific Northwest
- Political: Cascadian National Party
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Puerto Rico: Puerto Rican Independence
- Political: Puerto Rican Independence Party
- Southern United States
- Political: Neo-confederate movement
- Political: Southern Party
- Political: Southern Independence Party
- Southwest United States
- Ethnic: La Voz de Aztlán, MEChA
- Proposed state: Aztlan
- Texas
- Proposed state: Republic of Texas
- Upper Peninsula of Michigan
- Proposed U.S. state: Superior
- Vermont
- Proposed state: Green Mountain Republic of Vermont
- Eastern Washington
- Proposed US state in response to economic and political differences between the eastern and western parts of the state
Mexico
- Chiapas
- Political/guerrilla: Zapatista National Liberation Army
Central/South America and Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
- Barbuda
- Political: Barbuda Peoples Movement
Bolivia
Brazil
- Pampas Republic (Southern Brazil)
Chile
Costa Rica
Ecuador
- Coast Region
France (South America and Caribbean)
Haiti
- Northern Haiti
- Proposed state: Artibonite
Netherlands (Caribbean)
Nicaragua
- Atlantic regions
Peru
- Andine regions
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
St. Kitts and Nevis
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom (Caribbean)
- Anguilla
- Bermuda
- Cayman Islands
- Montserrat
- Political: People's Liberation Movement, United National Front
- Turks and Caicos Islands
Oceania
Australia
- Norfolk Island
- Australian Aborigines (Main article: Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty)
- Political: Aboriginal Tent Embassy
Fiji
France (Oceania)
- French Polynesia
- Political: Tavini Huiraatira
- New Caledonia
- Political: Kanak Nation
Kiribati
Micronesia
New Zealand
- Cook Islands
- Maori
- Political: Aotearoa Liberation Movement
- Niue
- Tokelau
Papua New Guinea
- Bouganville
- Political: Bougainville Revolutionary Army (recently violent), Bougainville Freedom Movement
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
- Espiritu Santo
- Proposed state: Vemerana
- Malekula
- Proposed state: N'Makiaute
- Northern islands
- Proposed state: Federation Na Griamel
- Tanna
- Political: Forcona Movement, Kapiel Alliance
- Proposed state: Tafea Nation
Further information
See also
- List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements
- European Union: Committee of the Regions, European Free Alliance
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
- United Nations member states
- List of ethnic groups
- List of Chinese nationalities
- Self-determination
- Nationalism
- Separatism
- Autonomy
- Self-governance
- Sovereignty
External links
- eLandnet - indigenous peoples and national minorities worldwide (http://www.elandnet.org/links/en/)
- Open Directory - Territorial Disputes (http://dmoz.org/Society/Issues/Territorial_Disputes/)
- List of leftist secessionist movements (http://www.broadleft.org/natliber.htm)
- List of independence movements, wars, dependencies, overseas, commonwealths, territories, with possbility in percentage (http://www.angelfire.com/ma/maxcrc/newcountries.html)
- List of annexated countries, annexations, join, unification with another country, with possbility in percentage (http://www.angelfire.com/ma/maxcrc/list.html)
- List of stateless nations (http://homepages.ihug.com.au/~dploy/stateless/alphabet.html)