Orange Hawkweed
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| Orange Hawkweed | ||||||||||||||
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| Missing image Orange-Hawkweed.jpg Orange Hawkweed | ||||||||||||||
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| Hieracium aurantiacum Linnaeus, 1758[1] (http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=37697) |
The Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum), also known as Devil's Paintbrush or Fox and Cubs, is a perennial weed with shallow fibrous roots.
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Botanical properties
An individual usually has no leaves on the stem, and grows most of their raising leaves and stolons in a basal rosette. Stem, calyx, stolons and leaves are covered with hair, black in the higher parts. Stems may reach a height of 60 cm and have up to 30 flowers of 1.5 cm (½ inch) diameter, bundled together at the end of short pedicels. All parts of the plant exude a milky juice.
Distribution and multiplication
It originates from alpine regions of Europe (where it is protected in several regions) and was introduced as an ornamental plant in Australasia and North America. It is found across Canada and the north of the US, reaching more in the south on the coasts.
The plants propagate through multiple fly-catching seeds (like many similar Asteraceae), stolons and shallow rhizomes.
Ecological aspects
The plant is an invasive species or noxious weed everywhere it has naturalized, displacing native plants in open areas. It grows well on grounds unfit for culture (dry, sandy and acidic), but prospers in grass and cultures. Doesn't grow well on argillous (clayey) grounds.
Whereas the in Europe, the plant grows lone, sprouting little stolons, in foreign areas, it shows much more aggression and fertility. The plant is easily removed (until it seeds back) by ploughing or salting.
The plant is on the noxious weeds and also often quarantine lists of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Alberta and regions of British Columbia. It is a weed in the temperate States of Australia and in New Zealand.
Cultivation
Culture unrecommended in America, possible in Europe on dry and sandy grounds.
References
- Idaho Noxious Weed List (http://www.oneplan.org/Crop/noxWeeds/nxWeed18.htm)
- PLANTS database report on Orange Hawkweed (http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_profile.cgi&symbol=HIAU)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Managmnt. weed of the month - Hieracium aurantiacum (http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/main/wom_orange_hawkweed_0105.html)de:Orange-rotes Habichtskraut