Rulers and Heads of State of Ethiopia

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Term	Birth Name	Throne Name	Notes
Zagwe dynasty
	Mara Takla Haymanot
	Tatadim
	Jan Seyum
	Germa Seyum
	Yemrehana Krestos
	Kedus Harbe
	Gebra Maskal Lalibela
	Na'akueto La'ab
	Yetbarak
	Mairari
	Harbai
There is no consensus on the precise terms of the rulers of the Zagwe dynasty
Solomonid dynasty
1270 to 1285	Yekuno Amlak	Tasfa Iyasus
1285 to 1294	Yagbe'u Seyon	Salomon I
1294 to 1295	Senfa Ared IV
1295 to 1296	Hezba Asgad
1296 to 1297	Qedma Asgad
1297 to 1298	Jin Asgad
1298 to 1299	Saba Asgad
1299 to 1314	Wedem Arad
1314 to 1344	Amda Seyon I	Gabra Masqal I
1344 to 1372	Newaya Krestos	Sayfa Ar`ed
1372 to 1382	Newaya Maryam	Wedem Asfare; or Gemma Asfare
1382 to 1413	Dawit I
1413 to 1414	Tewodros I	Walda Ambasa	Ruled 9 months
1414 to 1429	Yeshaq I (Isaac)	Gabra Masqal II
1429 to 1430	Andreyas (Andrew)
1430 to 1433	Takla Maryam	Hezba Nan
1433	Sarwe Iyasus	Mehreka Nan
1433 to 1434	Amda Iyasus	Badel Nan
1434 to 1468	Zara Yaqob	Kuestantinos I (Constantine I)	Dating becomes certain here
1468 to 1478	Baeda Maryam I
1478 to 1494	Eskander	Constantine II
1494	Amda Seyon II
1494 to 1508	Na'od
1508 to 1540	Dawit II (David II)	Lebna Dengel
1540 to 1559	Gelawdewos (Claudius)	Asnaf Sagad I
1559 to 1563	Menas	Admas Sagad I
1563 to 1597	Sarsa Dengel	Malak Sagad I
1597 to 1603	Yaqob (Jacob)	Malak Sagad II
1603 to 1604	Za Dengel	Asnaf Sagad II
1604 to 1607	Yaqob (Jacob)	Malak Sagad II	Restored
1607 to 1632	Sissinios	Malak Sagad III	Crowned March 18, 1608
1632 to 1667	Fasilidos (Basilides)	`Alam Sagad
1667 to 1682	Yohannes I (John I)
19 July 1682 to 13 October 1706	Iyasus I (Iyasus the Great)	Adyam Sagad II
1685 to 1685	Yeshaq Iyasu ?		In opposition
27 March 1706 to 30 June 1708	Tekle Haymanot I	Le`al Sagad
September 1707	Amda Seyon		In opposition
1 July 1708 to 14 October 1711	Tewoflos (Theophilus)	Walda Ambasa
1709 to July 1710	Nebahne Yohannes		In opposition
14 October 1711 to 19 February 1716	Yostos (Justus)	Sahay Sagad	A usurper
8 February 1716 to 18 May 1721	Dawit III	Adabar Sagad
18 May 1721 to 1730	Bakaffa	Asma Sagad or Masih Sagad
19 September 1730 to 26 June 1755	Iyasus II (Jesus II)	Adyam Sagad
1736 to 1737	Hezqeyas		In opposition
Era of the Princes
26 June 1755 to 7 May 1769	Iyoas (Joas)
7 May 1769 to 18 October 1769	Yohannes II (John II)
18 October 1769 to June 1770	Tekle Haymanot II
June 1770 to December 1770	Sissinios II
18 October 1769 to 13 April 1777	Tekle Haymanot II		Restored
13 April 1777 to 20 July 1779	Salomon II (Solomon II)
20 July 1779 to 8 February 1784	Tekle Giyorgis
16 February 1784 to 24 April 1788	Iyasus III (Jesus III)
1787 to 1788	Iyasus		In opposition
1787 to 1788	Baeda Maryam		In opposition
February 1788 to 1789	Tekle Haymanot		In opposition
24 April 1788 to 26 July 1789	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
26 July 1789 to January 1794	Hezqeyas (Hezekiah)
January 1794 to 15 April 1795	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
15 April to December 1795	Baeda Maryam II
December 1795 to 20 May 1796	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
20 May 1796 to 15 July 1797	Salomon III (Solomon III)
18 August 1797 to 4 January 1798	Yonas (Jonah)
4 January 1798 to 20 May 1799	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
20 May 1799 to 1799	Salomon III (Solomon III)		Restored
1799 to 24 March 1800	Demetros (Demetrius)
24 March to June 1800	Tekle Giyorgis		Restored
June 1800 to June 1801	Demetros
June 1801 to 3 June 1818	Egwale Seyon
19 June 1818 to 3 June 1821	Iyoas II (Joas II)
3 June 1821 to April 1826	Gigar
April 1826	Baeda Maryam III
April 1826 to 18 June 1830	Gigar		Restored
18 June 1830 to 18 March 1832	Iyasus IV (Jesus IV)
18 March 1832 to 1832	Gebre Krestos
1832	Sahla Dengel
1832 to 8 June 1832	Gebre Krestos		Restored
October 1832 to 29 August 1840	Sahla Dengel		Restored
1832	Egwale Anbesa		In rebellion
30 August 1840 to October 1841	Yohannes III (John III)
October 1841 to 1845	Sahle Dengel		Restored
1845	Yohannes III (John III)		Restored
1845 to 1850	Sahle Dengel		Restored
1850 to 1851	Yohannes III (John III)		Restored
1851 to 11 February 1855	Sahle Dengel		Restored
1851 to 29 June 1853	Ali Alula		Usurper
July 1853 to 9 February 1855	Wube Haile Maryam		Usurper
Tewodros Dynasty
9 February 1855 to 13 April 1868	Kasse Hailu	Tewodros II (Theodore II)
Zagwe Dynasty
11 June 1868 to 11 July 1871	Wagshum Gobeze	Tekle Giyorgis II
Tigray Dynasty
11 July 1871 to 9 March 1889	Kassa Mercha	Yohannes IV (John IV)
Solomonid Dynasty
9 March 1889 to 12 December 1913	Dejazmach Menelik	Menelik II
1910 to 1910	Etege Taytu Betul		♀ Regent for Menelik II
1910 to 1911	Ras Tesemma		Regent for Menelik II
1912 to 1913	Lij Iyasu		Regent for Menelik II
12 December 1913 to 27 September 1916	Iyasu V		Deposed by nobles with the sanction of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
27 September 1916 to 2 April 1930	Zauditu, Empress		♀
2 April 1930 to 2 May 1936	Tafari Makonnen	His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God, King of Kings of Ethiopia	Crowned 2 November 1930
Italian occupation
9 May 1936 to 5 May 1941	Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Claimed title "Emperor of Ethiopia"		Not universally recognised
Solomonid Dynasty
5 May 1941 to 12 September 1974	Tafari Makonnen	His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God, King of Kings of Ethiopia	Restored; deposed
12 September 1974 to 12 September 1974	Asfa Wossen		Emperor-designate, did not take office

Tenure	Incumbent	Affiliation	Notes
People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
12 September 1974 to 17 November 1974	Aman Mikael Andom, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Mil
17 November 1974 to 28 November 1974	Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Mil	1st Term
28 November 1974 to 3 February 1977	Tafari Benti, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Mil
11 February 1977 to 10 September 1987	Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Mil/EWP	2nd Term
10 September 1987 to 21 May 1991	Mengistu Haile Mariam, President	EWP
21 May 1991 to 27 May 1991	Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, acting President	EWP
Ethiopia ኢትዮጵያ (Ityop’iya)
27 May 1991 to 28 May 1991	Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, acting President	EWP
28 May 1991 to 22 August 1995	Meles Zenawi, interim President	TPLF/EPRDF
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Ityop’iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik)
22 August 1995 to 8 October 2001	Negasso Gidada, President	OPDO
8 October 2001 to present	Girma Wolde-Giyorgis Lucha, President	EPRDF

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Rulers and Heads of State of Ethiopia

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