Walter v. Lane
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Walter v. Lane [1900] AC 539, (House of Lords) — a precedent in the Commonwealth countries that recognized fixation could be a determining factor in copyright determinations.
Facts
A speech is given in public by a politician. A newspaper hires skilled shorthand note-takers to record it, and publishes the speech. Some time later, another book publisher prints a collection of the politician's speeches. The newspaper sues the book publisher.
Result
Copyright is held by reporters who put politician's speech in material form.
Reasoning
The note-takers were skilled participants placing the work in material form, the politician was not involved in the case and the court awarded the copyright to the newspaper.