Brain stem
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The lower part of the brain stem is the medulla oblongata, grossly comprising the medullary pyramids and the olivary bodies or olives. The pons is a knob above the medulla.
Differentiation of the brain stem from the cerebrum is complex, both anatomically and taxonomically. Some taxonomies describe the brain stem as the pons, medulla and mesencephalon while others include diencephaletic regions.
The adult human brainstem emerges from parts of all three vesicles in the neural tube. The myelencephalon and metencephelon emerge from the rhombencephalon. The mesencephalon matures to become a vital link for nerve pathways related to movement. The prosencephalon is the part that gives rise to the diencephalon and to the telencephalon.
See also
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